conditions in which authoritarian states emerged

New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. Since the end of the Cold War, the proportion of authoritarian states in the world has been on the decline. China respects the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries and upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations charter, she said, describing the countrys stance on Ukraine as objective and fair. 'Elsewhere these groups [like the Nazis] could have been ignored and allowed to die out. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Such movements were a common feature of interwar fascism. When nobody stopped them, they became bolder and more aggressive. Historical examples of such centralized totalitarian rule include the Mauryan dynasty of India (c. 321-c. 185 bce ), the Qin dynasty of China (221 . To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party leader contribute to the rise to power of that leader? Advances in the technology of killing included the use of poison gas. 95-6. In what ways did Mussolini pursue an aggressive foreign policy? Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency. Examine the impact of the foreign policy of two authoritarian states on the maintenance of power in those states. It started with a string of violent clashes in the northern part of Italy beginning in 1920. The Fascist party wanted to crush the existing 'liberal' rulers, but Mussolini allowed many officials to continue working for the state. - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system So while Jewish people had little to do with Ethiopia, they were affected by that policy. There were no bureaucrats to rein in the Fascists. When the government chose not to intervene in this conflict, the Fascists used the fighting to gain power in the region. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Now that youve skimmed the article, you should preview the questions you will be answering. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. Analyse themethods used to eliminate opposition by two single-party rulers, each chosen from a different region. (May 05), Compare and contrast the repressive policies of Hitler and Stalin. NARRATOR: Use tab to navigate through the menu items. Unsurprisingly, the economic conditions in a nation have long played an integral role in the emergence of authoritarian states, with such an idea perfectly illustrated through the establishment of Benito Mussolini's fascist authoritarian state . This unique book weaves together literary works, . Under the pressure of unending carnage, governments toppled and great empires dissolved. German imperialism was long based on a theory of colonial growth, called. In Iran, in late February as the coronavirus began spreading through the country, Shia clerics vociferously resisted government demands that major shrines be closedan encapsulation of the power of the countrys religious establishment. They were confident they could control Hitler. They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. Consolidation and maintenance of power. These youth groups fostered a cult of violent masculinity, expected girls to aspire only to traditional maternal roles, and promoted the authoritarian belief of blind loyalty to the nation. This created famine conditions. In the 1920s, Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy. 81 - What was Castro's early ideology based around? The three themes for this topic are: 1. Even Russian President Vladimir Putin, the prototypical authoritarian strongman, displayed striking avoidance behavioror perhaps apathyby moving to his countryside residence outside Moscow after the virus arrived in Russia, leaving his subordinates to convey negative news to the public. Many veterans and other citizens struggled to understand Germanys defeat and the uncertain future. Today, authoritarian regimes comprise only one-fifth of all states in the world (Marshall & Cole 2011, p. 10). Aims and results of policies: social, economic, political, cultural. Public domain. Using the terms fascism and Nazism interchangeably is incorrect because they are not synonyms. economic factors'. Graded student examples with one case study. 4.5/5. (Specimen), The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology. To what extent do you agree with this assertion? Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. But they are a minority in the authoritarian camp, and regimes with relatively successful pandemic responses are not guaranteed to reap political benefits from their actions. As the coronavirus has spread, many political observers have warned that it is bolstering authoritarianism globally. 97. [2010] 17. Now we must win the German people. His military leaders used chemical weapons, forced starvation, concentration camps, and mass resettlement of African Libyans to make space for Italian settlers. To do so, three practices are studied . Check your email for details on your request. How did Mussolini strengthen the power of the Fascist party? 100. The unstable authoritarian pathway that so many states followed after colonial rule was . In the 1920s, Mussolini pursued an aggressive foreign policy. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, 2. - MORE PEOPLE BIGGER ITALY The French president caused anger and alarm when he said Europe needed to avoid getting drawn into a US-China conflict over crises that are not ours, namely the status of Taiwan. The Path to Nazi Genocide, NARRATOR: We draw on over a decade of fieldwork in the Salween River Basin where dams and diversions have been proposed since 1979, including the most recent iteration, the Yuam . The fighting nourished the Fascists belief in violence as the true path to manhood. These uniforms consist of dark pants, black button up shirts, black hats, and white sashes that criss-cross over the boys bodies. Among his achievements was the creation of organizations designed to make children grow up to be good Fascists. . -took over various unprofitable industries on behalf of the state, -youth groups feuded In Turkey, where mayors in Istanbul and Ankara affiliated with the opposition party have won praise among their constituents for their responses to the pandemic, President Recep Tayyip Erdoan has actively tried to undermine them whenever possibleannouncing weekend curfews on short notice to leave the opposition mayors flat-footed, canceling charity fundraisers that the mayors organized, and shutting down opposition-run food kitchenseven at the cost of weakening the countrys broader response to the pandemic. He had plans to expand into the Balkans and acquire Albania as a territory. To what extent did the structure and organization of government in Germany between 1933 and 1939 contribute to Hitlers maintenance of power? A good government without propaganda is not more possible than good propaganda without a good government. 1 Not only is the proportion of authoritarian states on the decline, but the proportion of authoritarian states that have institutions conventionally associated . While downplaying more extreme goals, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party offered simple solutions to Germanys problems, exploiting peoples fears, frustrations, and hopes to win broad support. Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. Five years later they conquered Inner Mongolia as well, and a year later pushed into northern China. Economic conditions stabilized for a few years, then the worldwide depression hit in 1929. Weimar Republic: -Unpopular economic policies. You should include the following ideas from the unit content of Paper 2 Topic Authoritarian States: Emergence of the State. 100-01 - What economic policies did the Government introduce to deal with the issues that Cuba faced? (Nov 2006. The de-regulation of financial capital threatens to bring us back to capitalist authoritarianism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. Lu has previously acknowledged being part of the wolf warrior class of Chinese diplomats, a nickname given to envoys who respond vehemently to critics they perceive as hostile to China. The purge created an environment of intense political terror. At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: Looking back on history, we can often see patterns emerging just before dangerous or terrible events occurred. He used authoritarian tactics to solidify communist control of the Soviet Union. Analyse the conditions that enabledoneleft-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. At home, meanwhile, the Japanese government increasingly pushed down any opposition to their war effort. Following a series of planned demonstrations known as the March on Rome, Mussolini was named Prime Minister by the King of Italy. EU leaders are expected to discuss China policy in June after a recent trip by Emmanuel Macron exposed differences in approach towards handling Xi Jinpings authoritarian rule. Germanys fledgling democracy was profoundly tested by the crumbling of old values and fears of what might come next. Standards of behavior were changing. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. In recent months Beijing has tried to burnish its relationship with Europe, welcoming a string of European leaders to China. In January 1933, when the old war hero, President Paul von Hindenburg, invited Hitler to serve as Chancellor in a coalition government, the Nazis could hardly believe their luck. How did conditions in Germany and Europe at the end of World War I contribute to the rise and triumph of Nazism in Germany. The German banking system collapsed, and by 1930 unemployment skyrocketed to 22%. These decisions affected political officials, army members, peasants, ethnic minorities, artists, scientists, intellectuals, foreigners, and ordinary Soviet citizens. This topic focuses on exploring the conditions that facilitated the rise of authoritarian states in the 20th century, as well as the methods used by parties and leaders to take and maintain power. Those that have done well may gain enhanced domestic popularity and credibility for their competence, thus reinforcing their hold on power. Finally, issues with political legitimacy have also hurt some authoritarians pandemic policies. We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. How were German and Italian justifications for expansion similar? . In Egypt and Russia, doctors who criticize or challenge the governments response to the pandemic risk detention or physical retaliation. After local resistance was crushed, Mussolini's regime established a tight grip over the region. -Tried to limit Hitler's powers as chancellor in 1932.
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