A few are highly endangered languages that may soon have no speakers at all. Rakshani is the major dialect group in terms of numbers. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Am. The Ahmadiyya movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in Lalian Tehsil, Chiniot District, where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. Sennels states that research reveals inbred children lose 10-16 points from their IQ, and the chance of having an IQ of less than 70 (the official demarcation for being classified as retarded) increases by an astonishing 400% for the child of first cousin marriage. 20th century Western scholars such as George Abraham Grierson believed that Sindhi descended specifically from the Vrcaa dialect of Apabhramsha (described by Markandeya as being spoken in Sindhu-dea) but later work has shown this to be unlikely. S. Chen, F. Zeng, Z. Pao, and G. Zhang, Characterization of high-yield performance as affected by genotype and environment, Journal of Zhejiang University of Science B, vol. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone. Of all the children with malformations, 83% (1530 out of 1835) were the product of consanguineous marriages with a ratio of 5:1 between related and unrelated parents as compared to 2.6:1 in the comparison group which had no malformations in their children with a p=0.00008, Pearsons Chi squarevalue of 15.66 and a contingency coefficient of 0.12417, making this association highly significant. [3]. Web[repost] According to a study 70% of Pakistan population is inbred and retarded. Upcoming. 265268, 1997. The overall frequency of inbreeding was 76% with a coefficient of 0.04151 which is probably the highest figure reported in literature. window.mc4wp.listeners.push( A similar result was reported by several other investigators [1, 17, 19, 20, 43, 44]. Originally, this variety was developed from the breeding line BR5778-21-2-3 and its duration of growth ranges from 140 to 145 days. Regarding the association of types of relationship to malformations, of the total related parents (n=3820), 50% of second cousins had malformations in their children The figures fnr first cousins and distant related parents were 39% and 36% respectively (Figure 1). There are three major dialect patterns within which the various individual dialects may be classified; these are Pakhto, which is the Northern (Peshawar) variety, and the softer Pashto spoken in the southern areas such as in Quetta. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. [83] Differences with other Punjabi varieties are more pronounced in the morphology and phonology than in the syntax. 271, Brisbane, Australia, SeptemberOctober 2004. Rice production stood at 7.44 million tons during 20172018 showing a record increase of 8.61% over previous years production of 6.85 million tons (Economic Survey of Pakistan 20172018). If you appreciated this article and would like to support us, would you consider a one off small donation? and Al-Hakkak, iS. However, the findings of previous studies on hybrid rice suggest cross talk about the physiological causes of its higher yield. 2-3, pp. Reddy, yR. and Rao, A.P. J. Yang, S. Peng, Z. Zhang, Z. Wang, R. M. Visperas, and Q. Zhu, Grain and dry matter yields and partitioning of assimilates in japonica/indica hybrid rice, Crop Science, vol. Leaf area index, chlorophyll status, and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, postheading crop growth rate, shoot reserve translocation, source-sink relation and yield, and its attributes of each variety were comprehensively analyzed. It is clear from this study that the consanguineous couples are a population at high genetic risk. Cow-dung was applied @ 10tha1 and chemical fertilizers as urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, and zinc sulphate were applied @ 270-130-120-70-10kgha1, respectively [31]. Kulkarni14 in his study found malformations of major body systems to be significantly more common amongst consanguineous couples, whereas malformations of eye, ear and skin did not show any gross effects of consanguinity. The closer the blood relative, the higher the incidence of schizophrenia. 172174, 2003. B. Dalei, and B. K. Choudhury, Response of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) to date of planting, spacing and seedling rate during wet season, Indian Journal of Agronomy, vol. America. The effects of consanguinity on such parameters as fertility, infant and child development, mortality and morbidity are well known and havebeen studied in American4, Japanese5 and Indian populations6. Half of the Muslim population are inbred. The area, production and yield of rice for the last 4 years are depicted in Fig. 280284, 2005 (Chinese). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Int. Aside from these, there are 103 more cities in the country with populations of at least 100,000. Ann. An almost similar trend was found in the case of panicle numbers m2. Balochi () is an Iranian language spoken as a first language by about 3% of Pakistanis, mostly in the Balochistan province. The religious breakdown of the Pakistani population as of Pakistan Census 2017 is as follows: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021. This poor filled grain percentage was associated with lower postheading crop growth rate and also related to failure of assimilates supply to the spikelets due to rising temperature. Coefficients of inbreeding ranged from 10.15 to 37.50 percent for 295 animals, being 1.70 percent of the flock. 4, pp. A buffer (levee) of 0.5m, 0.5m, and 1.0m was kept in between subplots, main-plots, and blocks, respectively. Correlation and regression analyses were done using Microsoft Excel software. Cow-dung was applied 15 days before land preparation. Efficient assimilate supply to the grain from the source and the capacity of the sink to receive it determines the higher yield (grain filling percentage) and these processes depend highly upon environmental conditions [48, 49]. [75] It entered the New Indo-Aryan stage around the 10th century CE. 15, pp. 178183, 2009. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop of more than one-half of the worlds population and grows worldwide. Who is the most inbred person? World Bank. The grain yield and its attributes of the tested varieties at different planting dates have been shown in Table 3. [8] reported that hybrid rice had higher productivity after heading but translocation of assimilates was inefficient (source use efficiency). WebPercentage Distribution of Population by Broad Age Group and Sex Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS), 2020 is the twentieth round of a series of surveys, initiated in 1984. 4752, 1998. With mentally ill muslims committing terror attacks on a frequent basis in Europe, inbreeding may provide a reason for such prevalence. ", World Bank, Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/383207/fertility-rate-in-pakistan/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020 [Graph], World Bank, March 30, 2023. Hindko is mutually intelligible with Punjabi and Saraiki,[82] and has more affinities with the latter than with the former. Considering the prevalence of malformations with the types of relationship of parents, the inter-marriage with first cousins alone, was highly significant (p=<0.01) (JPMA 47:75,1997). S. S. Virmami, Shifting the yield frontier with hybrid rice, in Increasing Rice Production in BangladeshChallenges and Strategies, S. I. Bhuiyna and A. N. M. R. Karim, Eds., pp. The country also has seven more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Peshawar, Multan, Hyderabad, and Islamabad. [49] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others. The frequency of consanguineous marriage among British Pakistanis, J. S. V. K. Jagadish, P. Q. Craufurd, and T. R. Wheeler, High temperature stress and spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.), Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 4, pp. Their findings were published in the journal Nature Communications and address a number of specific physiological, cognitive, and immunological health impacts. The BRRI hybrid dhan2 is a popular indica hybrid rice variety developed by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in 2008. Fox, R. Kinship and marriage. 238244, 2009. As an outcome, the hybrid varieties sustained higher LAI after heading to maturity over inbred BRRI dhan45 regardless of planting dates. Sarhaddi is a sub-dialect of Rakshani. 8, pp. Loc Yengo and the University of Queensland team looked at the homozygosity of each individuals genetic information. Table of Contents Inbreeding statistics by state The U.S has a low inbreeding rate of about 0.1 to 0.2% only There are only 18 states listed to have inbreeding cases 1, pp. WebAbstract. Grey, R.F. Even among Pakistanis, Mirpur is considered uncivilized. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. T. Takai, S. Matsuura, T. Nishio, A. Ohsumi, T. Shiraiwa, and T. Horie, Rice yield potential is closely related to crop growth rate during late reproductive period, Field Crops Research, vol. 3, pp. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan. Hashmi ( Department of Paediatric Surgery, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Next, learn about some of the most infamous cases of incest in history. Languages of Pakistan. [54][55], Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups. In the UK, an increasing percentage of infant deaths or serious medical issues are caused by 50+ generations of first cousin marriages and inbreeding in the muslim world, placing an increasing strain on the NHS. All the fertilizers were applied as basal except urea which was applied as top dressing in 3 equal installments at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), tillering stage (30 DAT), and panicle initiation stage (45 DAT). Both the hybrid varieties showed relatively higher postheading-CGR at early planting due to their higher LAI at the grain filling period. [52][53] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. Why do UK born Pakistani babies have high perinatal andneonatsl mortalityrate. The overall frequency inbreeding in this study was 76% and the coefficient of inbreeding was 0.04151 (Table II). The photosynthetic rate gradually decreased with the advance of grain filling period. So, the available information on photosynthetic capability of flag leaf, the roles of shoot reserve translocation, and postheading crop growth rate to higher grain yield of hybrid rice varieties are still controversial. })(); AltNewsMedia Ltd The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. 363370, 2008. In delayed planting (5 February) yield sink per unit leaf area was significantly decreased in tested varieties. Consanguineous marriage in Pakistan was reported to be higher than 60% of the population in 2014. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below. A study done on various isonymic groups in Pakistan16 showed the highest coefficient of inbreeding in Khokhars (0.05 120) and the lowest in Mughals (0.0 175). Reduction of chlorophyll content at 23 days after flowering compared to 2 days after flowering was 33 and 36% in hybrids and inbred, respectively. [Online]. 766772, 2002. 2835, 2003. 1, pp. Just 9 Muslims have won a Nobel Prize, with over half of them being for peace rather than science. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. Children born with disorders and lower IQs did nothing to deserve such a fate, nor did the victims of a schizophrenic terrorist. Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf ranged from 33.29 to 34.75molCO2m2s1 among the varieties and from 32.25 to 35.25molCO2m2s1 among different planting dates at 2 days after flowering. [53]; Yang et al. Rice production has to be increased 1% per annum to deliver sufficient rice for an evergrowing population of rice-consuming countries [1]. Was Hideki Tj A War Criminal Or Loyal Statesman? Chakrabarti et al. This broad swath of detrimental effects ranged from something as harmless as shorter stature to serious cases of reduced cognitive ability, lower fertility, and poor lung function. [3] reported that hybrid had lower single-leaf photosynthetic rate at grain filling phase as compared to inbred. The inbreeding coefficient for Holsteins is currently around 8 percent, meaning an average calf gets identical copies of 8 percent of its genes from its mother and its father. [45][46][47] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others. 42, no. Context: Inbreeding increases the level of homozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders and is the major objective in clinical studies. With populations of 14.9million and 11.1million respectively (in 2017), they are among the world's largest metropolises. Both the hybrids, Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2, clearly superseded the elite inbred BRRI dhan45 in respect of assimilate remobilization from shoot reserve in early planting (Table 6). 6. All the plant samples were separated into root, leaf blades (leaf), culm and sheath (stem), and panicles. These are some maps of religious minority groups. J. Ying, S. Peng, Q. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari[b] and Brahui. In the present investigation flag leaf of the tested hybrid varieties contained higher amounts of chlorophyll and maintained higher chlorophyll a:b ratio over elite inbred BRRI dhan45. WebMianchannu-51 --19 70 Muridke-92 3-19 114 Sheikhupura-381 32-67 480 Gujrat 34 306 6 9 70 425 Jhelum 4 394 39 3 338 778 Consanguinity related prenatal and postnatal mortality in Pakistan inbreeding. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.
Anne Marion Will, Windows Fax And Scan Multiple Pages Flatbed, Christian Prayer Hotline, Hunting Clubs In Arkansas, David Whyte Blessing For Sound, Articles OTHER