This chapter examines retrospectively the impact on the businesses in the city of Valdivia, Chile, of the earthquake and tsunami on "El Da de Los Santos Inocentes". [55] The scholar Erik Dahmn believes that the earthquake resulted in a "creative destruction" for farmers of Southern Chile. The largest earthquake in the world occurred on May 22, 1960, in Chile. Eyewitness accounts of the 1906 Earthquake Museum of the City of San Francisco Many eyewitness accounts and photos of the disaster. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In Hilo, Mr. Eaton and his companions stopped to clear their plans with the police and then drove to the Wailuku River Bridge, on the shore of Hilo Bay. Though the oblique angle by which the waves approached the Pacific coast of the United States mitigated their force, Crescent City, California, saw waves of up to 5.6 feet (1.7 metres), and boats and docks in Los Angeles, San Diego, and Long Beach were damaged. The monetary cost of the disaster has been estimated in the range of US$400 million to US$800 million (2.9 to 5.8 billion in 2011, after adjusting for inflation). Lots of the men got off the bus. Mr. Eaton recalls that they then heard an ominous noise, a faint rumble like a distant train, that came from the darkness far out in Hilo Bay. [5] The shock is generally agreed to have had a magnitude of 9.5, though some studies alternately proposed that it may have been 9.4 or 9.6. Houses built upon elevated areas suffered considerably less damage compared to those on the lowlands, which absorbed great amounts of energy. Nothing near them stood more than a few feet high, except for their 9-year-old apple trees and several windbreaks of cypress. El caso de Lota, Chile", "El domingo en que Valdivia sufri el terremoto ms violento del mundo", "Chile | Terremoto de Valdivia: cmo fue el poderoso sismo de 1960, el mayor registrado de la historia Vivienda al Da", "A 60 aos del terremoto de 1960 | Deutsche Wochenzeitung Cndor in Chile", "Further observations of geologic and geomorphic changes resulting from the catastrophic earthquake of May 1960, in Chile", "An Mw =7.7 slow earthquake in 1960 near the Aysn Fjord region, Chile", Revista de la Asociacin Geolgica Argentina, "El "Riihuazo" y su lucha contra la naturaleza", "Investigacin aplicada sobre Geografa Urbana: Un caso prctico en la ciudad de Valdivia", "Genesis y manifestacin de las inundaciones en el sur de Chile", "The Ecological Approach to the Conservation of Plants in Botanic Gardens - The Experience of the Botanic Garden in Valdivia, Chile", "National Strategy for Research, Development and Innovation for a Chile Resilient to Disasters of Natural Origin", "CONSULTATION REPORT ON ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING", "Ancient Chilean tsunami scared local people away for 1000 years", "Predecessors of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake", "Tsunami After Deadly Earthquake Hits Chile", "Chile Earthquake Altered Earth Axis, Shortened Day", "El terremoto chileno del 27 de febrero de 2010: Anlisis preliminar de las consecuencias en la ciudad de Valdivia", 22 May 1960 South Central Chile Tsunami Amplitudes, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1960_Valdivia_earthquake&oldid=1152212584, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 21:41. The earthquake triggered numerous landslides, mainly in the steep glacial valleys of the southern Andes. Geophysicists consider it a matter of time before this earthquake will be surpassed in magnitude by another. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, Mrs. Riquelme's family remained at their house on low ground near the Ro Queule. The Valdivia earthquake left two million people homeless, injured at least 3,000, and killed approximately 1,655. Fortunately today normality and calm has returned to the city. [42] The United States quickly set up a field hospital following the earthquake. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The damages were to areas of poor soil quality, chiefly former wetlands and artificial fills. Juana Namuncura Aen, a local machi, demanded the sacrifice of the grandson of Juan Painecur, a neighbor, in order to calm the earth and the ocean. [17], A seiche of more than 1 meter was observed on Panguipulli Lake following the earthquake. Many aftershocks occurred, with 5 of magnitude 7.0 or greater through Nov 1. Together they watched the tsunami overrun their fields and carry away the remains of their house. Registered in England & Wales No. Subduction is a process that occurs at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates due to the movement of one plate under another. The economic damage totaled $550 million (more than $4.8 billion, adjusted for 2020 inflation). The streets were chaotic and it took me about 40 minutes to walk home as there were no buses running. After this wave had passed and they thought it was safe, Mr. Eaton and his companions returned to the bridge and continued to record the water level during several more waves of the tsunami (see diagram below). About 100,000 people lived in the affected zone. Throughout the night, water surged beneath them, scouring sandy ground nearby. Breadcrumbs Section. Ciencia & Trabajo, 20: 79-86, underground water flowing up through the soil, earthquake and landslide occurred in 1575, "Long-Term Perspectives on Giant Earthquakes and Tsunamis at Subduction Zones", "M 9.5 - 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (Valdivia Earthquake)", "The Largest Earthquake in the World Articles", "Evidence for a large strike-slip component during the 1960 Chilean earthquake", "Exploring the Historical Earthquakes Preceding the Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake in a TimeDependent Seismogenic Zone", "Focal Process of the Great Chilean Earthquake May 22, 1960", "Slip Distribution and Seismic Moment of the 2010 and 1960 Chilean Earthquakes Inferred from Tsunami Waveforms and Coastal Geodetic Data", "Exploring the Historical Earthquakes Preceding the Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake in a Time-Dependent Seismogenic Zone", "The 1960 Chile earthquake: inversion for slip distribution from surface deformation", "El sufrimiento colectivo de una ciudad minera en declinacin. [75] A survey showed that 434 persons in Valdivia had their homes damaged by the earthquake. [64], The sacrifice was learned about by authorities after a boy in the commune of Nueva Imperial denounced to local leaders the theft of two horses; these were allegedly eaten during the sacrifice ritual. 17,029 pages were read in the last minute. Many buildings were damaged across northern Chile. Some tugboats and small sailboats were stranded on Rocuant Island near Talcahuano. Later failure of this landslide dam unleashed a flood that covered parts of the city. It is an impressive document that includes the involvement of citizens in committees that are part of the program. The next thing Ms. Gallardo recalls is floating on a tree trunk. Never before had they seen so much of the streambed exposed. Residents of Valdivia, Chile, inspect an enormous crack caused by the Great Chilean Earthquake on May 22, 1960. [61][63], In the coastal village Collileufu (La Araucana Region), native Lafkenches carried out a human sacrifice during the days following the main earthquake. At 12:46 a.m., the second wave washed under the bridge at a level 9 feet (2.7 meters) above normal. Puerto Octay was the center of a northsouth elliptical area in the Central Valley, where the intensity was at the highest outside the Valdivia Basin. Various studies have placed it at 9.4-9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. Inland from Quenuir, a pregnant Mara Vera and eight others climbed a peta tree on a low plain north of the Ro Maulln (photo below). Not all people in the area fleeing the earthquake and the tsunami were as lucky as Mr. Maldonado. The South-Central Chilean subduction zone is known for having produced some of the largest observed earthquakes - among them, the greatest instrumentally recorded earthquake, the 1960 Mw 9.5 Valdivia event [Barrientos and Ward, 1990; Cifuentes . San Francisco residents watch the city burn. Generation. The 1960 Valdivia earthquake struck Chile on the afternoon of 22nd May 1960, causing widespread damage with Valdivia being the most affected city. The focus of the earthquake was relatively shallow at 33 km, as other earthquakes in the region are known to reach depths of 70 km. This apparently caused the hunter-gatherers of the area to stop living near the coast for the next thousand years or so. I thought to myself that a neighbours' cat must be at the birds. Coastal areas were also lowered and submerged in Cascadia after the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. Riihue Lake is the lowest of the Seven Lakes chain and receives a constant inflow from the Enco River. Every visit to Chile there is a small one. The tsunami traveled across the Pacific Ocean in the hours after the earthquake; the waves killed 61 people in Hawaii, nearly 140 in Japan, and 32 in the Philippines. The most recent of these earthquakes, in 1700, set off a tsunami that struck Japan with waves about as big as those of the 1960 Chilean tsunami in Japan. There was complete panic. Before the Great Chilean earthquake, three earthquakes struck Chile which were a fore-shock to the main event and are known as the 1960 Concepcin earthquakes. At 16:20 UTC-4, a wave of 8m (26ft) struck the Chilean coast, mainly between Concepcin and Chilo. When the house came to rest, Hilo was dark because the powerplant had been knocked out by the same wave. Survivors on the roof later pulled the mother's body from the water. "El Canelo", a song by Los Lobos on their 1988 album: La Pistola y El Corazn. [26] 150 boats, most of them used for fishing are reported to have "disappeared" in Mehun. Across southern Chile, the tsunami caused huge loss of life, damage to port infrastructure, and the loss of many small boats. The event caused extensive subsidence and uplift over wide areas (at least 130,000 km2) with. Another wave measuring 10m (33ft) was reported ten minutes later. Know about the cause, effects, damage and death toll of the 1960 earthquake in Chile through these 10 interesting facts. This potential disaster would have violently flooded all the settlements along the course of the river in less than five hours, with more dire consequences if the dam suddenly broke. The village cemetery was located on sandy ground that the tsunami washed away. Although Mr. Navarro's wife and children headed for the barn, Mr. Navarro did not go with them. The earthquake killed an estimated amount between 1,000-6,000 people. While most landslides clustered around northsouth strips in the Andes, other areas that were affected by large numbers of landslides were the coast, mainly the foot of the Chilean Coast Range, and the shores of Llanquihue Lake. For a time she heard a man's voice crying for help-his body was found later. The first Concepcin earthquake struck at 06:02 on 21st May 1960. [38] The most affected structures were those built of concrete, which in some cases collapsed completely, because they were not built using modern earthquake engineering. Some pavements near the rivershore in Valdivia cracked and collapsed much like in the 1960 earthquake. The damage caused to Calle-Calle Bridge led to its temporary closure after the earthquake, with traffic redirected to Teja Island through Caucau River where people crossed it on boats and, reportedly, also a rudimentary and temporary wooden bridge. It had a magnitude of 8.1, lasted for 35 seconds and destroyed a third of the buildings in the city of Concepcin in Chile.
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